The Realized Price Oscillator measures Bitcoin's logarithmic distance from the network's average cost basis. When negative, the average holder is at a loss — one of the strongest buy signals the on-chain data produces. When positive, holders are in profit and the reading rises with the degree of market exuberance.
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The Realized Price Oscillator is calculated as:
Oscillator = ln(Price / Realized Price)
The natural logarithm makes the scale symmetric — a reading of +0.3 represents the same proportional distance above the cost basis as −0.3 represents below it. The oscillator oscillates around zero, where zero means price equals the network's average cost basis exactly.
The oscillator is closely related to NUPL — both are derived from the gap between price and realised price. The key difference is the logarithmic scale: NUPL compresses extremes at the top (it is bounded at 1) while the oscillator has no upper bound, making it more sensitive to euphoria phases. Use both together for a fuller picture of where the cycle stands.